Purinergic signaling is a type of cell-to-cell communication that involves the release and detection of purine molecules, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine. These purine molecules act as extracellular signaling molecules, binding to specific purinergic receptors on the surface of target cells to initiate various cellular responses. Purinergic signaling is involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including neurotransmission, immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Dysregulation of purinergic signaling has been implicated in various diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurological conditions. Research in the field of purinergic signaling seeks to understand the mechanisms by which purine molecules are released, detected, and transduced into cellular responses, as well as to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting purinergic receptors for the treatment of various diseases.